"New Approach Methodologies" for Biomedical Research

Animal testing is a global phenomenon but the national and European scientific scenario is changing, turning more and more to the promotion of substitute methods for the use of animals. Significant progress has been made since the 1960s in replacing animal tests for diagnos ing certain human diseases, for manufacturing biological drugs such as vaccines, and for testing their safety as they were produced. The initial driving force was the growing concern that drugs produced using animal materials could have contaminated animal s of animal origin;however, the need for more accurate, faster, more efficient and less expensive testing also played a very important role. Methods that replace techniques using live animals or methods of testing substances without the use of live animals are known as alternative methods. The term advanced technologies is often used as they are based on more sophisticated technologies and are more relevant to humans than the animal tests they replace. Nowadays, alternative methods can include a range of techniques including cellular testing, tests using tissue from dead humans or animals, chemical-based analytical tests, computerized methods and human ethical studies. Copyright © 2021, SILAE (Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine). All rights reserved.

Innenrücktitelbild: A DNA Barcode‐Based Aptasensor Enables Rapid Testing of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses in Swine Saliva Using Electrochemical Readout (Angew. Chem. 31/2022)

Animal Testing, Aptamers, Coronavirus, Electrochemical Biosensors, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses Keywords: Animal Testing;Aptamers;Coronavirus;Electrochemical Biosensors;Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses EN Animal Testing Aptamers Coronavirus Electrochemical Biosensors Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses 1 1 1 07/27/22 20220801 NES 220801 B Schnelle und reagenzienfreie Erregertests b werden dringend benötigt. Innenrücktitelbild: A DNA Barcode-Based Aptasensor Enables Rapid Testing of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses in Swine Saliva Using Electrochemical Readout (Angew. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Angewandte Chemie is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Inside Back Cover: A DNA Barcode‐Based Aptasensor Enables Rapid Testing of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses in Swine Saliva Using Electrochemical Readout (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 31/2022)

Keywords: Animal Testing;Aptamers;Coronavirus;Electrochemical Biosensors;Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses EN Animal Testing Aptamers Coronavirus Electrochemical Biosensors Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses 1 1 1 07/27/22 20220801 NES 220801 B Rapid and reagent-free pathogen tests b are urgently needed. Inside Back Cover: A DNA Barcode-Based Aptasensor Enables Rapid Testing of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses in Swine Saliva Using Electrochemical Readout (Angew. Animal Testing, Aptamers, Coronavirus, Electrochemical Biosensors, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Angewandte Chemie International Edition is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

A DNA Barcode-Based Aptasensor Enables Rapid Testing of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Viruses in Swine Saliva Using Electrochemical Readout.

Pen-side testing of farm animals for infectious diseases is critical for preventing transmission in herds and providing timely intervention. However, most existing pathogen tests have to be conducted in centralized labs with sample-to-result times of 2-4 days. Herein we introduce a test that uses a dual-electrode electrochemical chip (DEE-Chip) and a barcode-releasing electroactive aptamer for rapid on-farm detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDv). The sensor exploits inter-electrode spacing reduction and active field mediated transport to accelerate barcode movement from electroactive aptamers to the detection electrode, thus expediting assay operation. The test yielded a clinically relevant limit-of-detection of 6 nM (0.37 µg mL-1 ) in saliva-spiked PEDv samples. Clinical evaluation of this biosensor with 12 porcine saliva samples demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity of 83 % and specificity of 100 % with a concordance value of 92 % at an analysis time of one hour.

Modernizing Medical Research to Benefit People and Animals

Simple SummaryThe use of animals in research has been the subject of significant public debate and concern. Some argue that animal experiments are essential to medical progress, while others believe that this practice is unethical and does not produce results that can be reliably translated to people. A growing range of modern techniques can replace the use of animals and provide results that are more relevant to human patients. These include the use of human cells and tissues, and computer-based methods. Our work aimed to explore the societal benefits of accelerating the replacement of animals with these new research methods. We found that this approach would benefit animal welfare, public health and the economy. We also found that the British public is generally in favor of efforts to replace animals, and that focusing on this area would help to support the British Government’s policy and economic goals. We suggest that the British Government could greatly expedite the replacement of animal experiments by appointing a new minister to take responsibility for this transition.In the context of widespread public and political concern around the use of animals in research, we sought to examine the scientific, ethical and economic arguments around the replacement of animals with New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) and to situate this within a regulatory context. We also analyzed the extent to which animal replacement aligns with British public and policymakers’ priorities and explored global progress towards this outcome. The global context is especially relevant given the international nature of regulatory guidance on the safety testing of new medicines. We used a range of evidence to analyze this area, including scientific papers;expert economic analysis;public opinion polls and the Hansard of the UK Parliament. We found evidence indicating that replacing animals with NAMs would benefit animal welfare, public health and the economy. The majority of the British public is in favor of efforts to replace animals and focusing on this area would help to support the British Government’s current policy priorities. We believe that this evidence underlines the need for strong action from policymakers to accelerate the transition from animal experiments to NAMs. The specific measure we suggest is to introduce a new ministerial position to coordinate and accelerate the replacement of animals with NAMs.